Skyscrapers 2010 - The World's Tallest Buildings

Skyscrapers 2010 - The World's Tallest Buildings Third installment of my skyscraper video featuring the tallest buildings in the world, completed and under construction. Height criteria from CTBUH's first method. I eventually decided against adopting the Sears Tower's revised name, "Willis Tower". Personal preference. Information and imagery: (AZ) burjdubaiskyscraper.com commons.wikimedia.org flickr.com google.com skyscrapercity.com skyscraperpage.com wikipedia.org Music: (presentation order) Ryuichi Sakamoto - Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence Cdnalsi - The Queen of Goth'arde (Prelude) Moby - Novio Air - Run Arcana - Wings of Gabriel File Format: Video: MPEG-4 720p @ 30fps (H.264 @ ~14Mb/s) Audio: MPEG-4 (AAC @ 256Kb/s)

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Pre-Fabricated Buildings

With increasing need for building structures and due to the high costs associated with their construction the conventional concrete structures are slowly being replaced by pre-engineered. The pre-fabricated buildings are cost effective options when compared to conventional concrete buildings and can also be designed as per one's requirements. As such these are increasingly being used both for commercial as well as residential construction purposes. This type of construction can be utilized for small storage buildings in a backyard to large industrial buildings like hangar metal buildings for parking space crafts.

Pre-engineered metal buildings are actually designed and built at the factory itself. With all the pre built accessories and fittings, the parts of metal building are transported to the building site. They are pre-cut, pre-drilled and pre-wielded and can be bolted together at the building site within a short span of time with the help of instructional diagrams.

Now-a-days many PEB manufacturers are supplying pre engineered steel buildings for various applications like warehouses, storage sheds, industrial sheds, institutional buildings, commercial buildings, offices and many more. The industrialists who want to construct factory sheds, factory buildings in shorter time can avail the services of a reputed PEB manufacturing company for constructing pre-fabricated factory buildings and pre-fabricated factory sheds as faster construction options. The installation and maintenance of these pre-fabricated metal buildings will not cost much to the entrepreneur and would be rather convenient process for rapid commercial set up.

The most popular residential applications of the pre-engineered metal structures are for garages and storage buildings which are utilized as spaces for vehicles and storing materials. The pre-engineered buildings can also be set up on temporary basis for smaller industrial projects and easily be uninstalled upon its completion. There are number of companies offering services for construction of PEB buildings one should always check out for the authentication of company, the quality of structures it provides as per the International or Indian metal building standards and the cost they take as primary deciding factors.

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How Portable Storage Buildings Beat Permanent Structures

In today's highly advanced material society, businesses and homes everywhere are running out of storage. The needs for storage by any given business often change dramatically. And with the average time to own a house falling around two years, homeowners are finding their needs for storage go beyond simple garden sheds. This is where portable storage buildings are making a mark.

Advantages of portable storage buildings

Portable storage buildings have several key advantages over permanent structures, including the following:

Cost - Portable storage buildings are cheaper and require virtually no maintenance. This is because they're often constructed of durable pre-fabricated galvanized steel pieces. They also require no additional foundation, eliminating the expense of concrete or gravel.

Flexibility - Portable storage dealers usually offer a range of accompanying services. This include delivering the building to any location at any time - greatly reducing the necessity to drive to and from the building's temporary location. It also eliminates the extra cost of renting a hauling truck. Dealers also offer installation and anchoring services, and ramps or steps for easier access.

Security - Because movable storage buildings are often made from strong alloys and employ industrial strength latching mechanisms, they are often much more secure than permanent storage structures like garden sheds, wooden barns, and even some warehouses.

Types of Portable Storage Buildings

One of the keys to the flexibility of storage units is their availability in all shapes and sizes. You can find one to fit just about any purpose. Some different units include:

Barns

Booths

Concession Stands

Mini sheds

Storage Sheds

Trailers

Warehouses

Uses for Portable Storage Buildings

The possibilities for portable buildings extends way beyond conventional storage. Larger structures such as barns and warehouses can be used for the same items as their permanent counterparts - large industrial or farming equipment, bulk inventory, even temporary animal shelters. The common sized units are used for everything from portable offices to classrooms, from summerhouses to household possessions. More custom units still can be used in trade shows, as ticket booths, or retail kiosks in addition to storing a variety of items. And the smallest units are seen often as porta-potties everywhere.

No matter what you want to use a movable storage building for, there is very likely a unit to fit your needs. From simple storage of household goods to hosting large trade shows and everything in between, nothing matches the convenience of portable units backed by a quality dealership.

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Techniques For Photographing Buildings

There are incredible single structure buildings throughout our country, and the world, that are perfect subjects for photographers. The reflection of a city's nighttime skyline reflecting in its river makes an absolutely beautiful picture. You can photograph one building or an entire skyline, and no two pictures will turn out the same, if you vary the approach to your subjects, photograph the unique, vary your images by shooting at times in black and white, shoot at different times of day, and in different types of weather. A stormy day can add a lot of character to an image.

You can't get much more unique than the headquarters for the Longaberger Company located in Newark, Ohio. Dave Longaberger decided it would be a great idea to have the corporate office building designed and built to represent their product, baskets. That's right, he wanted their office building to be in the shape of a giant basket. And, even though most people didn't take him seriously, his dream was realized on December 17, 1997. Shaped like a double-handled basket, it's one of the world's most creative buildings. So, if you're in Newark, Ohio, don't miss the opportunity to add the Longaberger building to your collection of unique photographs. Take your camera bag and photograph it from several angles to get the full, incredible effect so you can amaze your friends and family.

There are few buildings more intriguing than a lighthouse. These are truly some of the most beautiful structures available to photograph anywhere in the world. The east coast of the United States is peppered with many lighthouses of all shapes, sizes, and colors. Some are still functioning, although the days of wick trimming and oil filling have long since passed. Some are occupied as residences, some are abandoned, some are even romantic Bed and Breakfasts. There are lighthouses you can easily drive to and those you can't get to without a boat.

Maine has over 60 lighthouses and there are a few that get more than there share of photographic attention. But, there is one that stands out as being constantly photographed, rain or shine. It's the Cape Neddick Lighthouse, near the entrance to the York River at the north end of Long Beach near York, Maine. The lighthouse is still an active aid to navigation and the building and grounds are not open to the public. But, if you take your camera bag and equipment to nearby Sohier Park, you can get some awesome shots of this majestic structure that has been standing since 1879.

Nubble Light, which it's also known as, is beautiful to photograph all year-round. You can unpack your camera bag in the park and spend the day taking shots of the lighthouse as the light changes and casts different shadows and illuminates it until the sun begins to set. A magical time to visit is during the holidays. The Saturday after Thanksgiving the lighthouse is decorated with hundreds of white lights. It is a breathtaking view through the lens of your camera. And, the pictures you get would make beautiful Christmas cards.

Every city and town has their own uniqueness. There are structures in your town you probably haven't really looked at as you would through the eyes of a tourist. New buildings, old buildings, buildings that are falling down all have a quality that when caught on film, tell a story. So take your camera bag, pack you tripod and other accessories and go out and look for the unique, the beautiful buildings that are just around the corner.

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Prefabricated Sports Buildings

Prefabricated Sports Buildings are being used in lots of sports nowadays. They provide flexibility, save building time and reduce costs. Hence, they are preferred for structures and even accessories like stands and seats for stadiums and gyms. Even prefabricated flooring options for various sports are quite in demand. Prefabricated Sports Buildings are available in various materials like steel, fiberglass, wood or aluminum, depending on the usage.

Prefabricated Buildings can be used as a horse riding area, gymnasium, swimming pool enclosure, tennis court, ice hockey rink, driving range, basketball / volleyball court, paintball or fitness equipment facility. These buildings provide the essential columns-free openness and the ceiling space needed for such types of sports. Both the sportspersons and the spectators need to feel comfortable. Thus, all such Prefabricated Sports Buildings are fully customizable, with unlimited building sizes, ceiling heights, perfect lights, insulation, and a wide variety of colors and finishes. In addition, there are accessories to choose from, including sliding doors, roll-up doors, overhead doors, windows, seating systems, vents, skylights and wall lights.

Flooring becomes an essential part of a Prefabricated Sports Building, since it can be ready along with the building itself, and offers portability and cost benefits. It can be overlaid on an existing floor and comes in panels, tiles or rolls. It is generally made from rubber and wood, depending on the need, and permits heavy usage. It can be found in many sportive colors and can be fixed permanently, if desired. It is considered ideal for tracks and play fields to have these prefabricated floorings.

Once you have decided to go in for Prefabricated Sports Building, check out your needs carefully and approach the Prefabricated Buildings manufacturers either in your area or through the Internet. It is better to confirm the credentials of the company before placing the order.

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Why Are Concrete Buildings Moved?

Generally speaking, the reasons behind concrete building moving are the same as they would be in any other move. It is a job of enormous risk and requires great attention to detail as well as a fair amount of patience. The decision to undertake concrete building moving is not an easy one as many parameters and variables must be considering before a final decision is made.

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Highest Buildings Of Today

1) Burj Khalifa 2) Canton Tower 3) CN Tower 4) Ostankino-Tower 5) Willis Tower 6) Taipei 101 7) Shanghai World Financial Center 8) International Commerce Centre 9) Oriental Pearl Tower 10) John Hancock Center 11) Petronas Tower

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What Are Pre Fabricated Buildings?

Pre fabricated buildings are structures which have several components that have already been constructed before. These are always put together or assembled by workers on the site itself. When it comes to steel buildings, you can opt for a variety of pre fabricated buildings which will surely help you in the construction of the right type of steel building. These structures need to be properly purchased and carefully used for making the best types of building structures. Of course there are a lot of advantages that comes with the entire process of making a pre fabricated building.

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New Building Construction Methods - Pre Engineered Steel Buildings

We are increasingly seeing the effects of building collapse due to earthquakes in regions such as Haiti and collapse due to poor workmanship such as the recent building collapses in Kiambu. With rapid urbanization, more high-rise buildings are coming up in major towns creating perfect recipes for disaster as people get trapped underneath tons and tons of concrete in case the building unfortunately collapses -either due to an earthquake or poor workmanship. There are solutions to avoid this kind of disaster by having flexible steel grid supported buildings with light-weight sandwich panel wall infill.

Several major towns in Kenya such as Nakuru sit right in the middle of the Rift Valley which is a seismically unstable region and earthquakes are not known to give notice before they strike.

Measures should be taken to ensure that there are mechanisms in place to give early warning to avoid disasters. Countries that are prone to earthquakes such as Japan have an average of 40% of new high-rise buildings coming up in Steel structural frames-one of the world's highest-this is partly dues to steel's ability to resist the impact of severe earthquakes. Past earthquakes in USA [San Francisco-1906, Long Beach-1933, and Japan [Kanto -1923] during the first part of this century gave engineers confidence in steel as a reliable material for earthquake resistant design. During these events, there were typically fewer problems observed in steel structures as compared with concrete and masonry buildings of similar size and scale.

PEB system of construction is based on the U.S.A Building code. PEB system originated from U.S.A which produces over 1 million PEB Structures per year.

In Kenya, we mainly rely on the British Building code and standards for construction. The British Standard is mainly Reinforced -Concrete based as in most structures such as columns and beams are designed to be concrete-based with twisted steel reinforcement of between 8 mm to 20mm thickness in the inside. This is the type of building construction that you will see every day in Kenya and East Africa in general.

The PEB system replaces the concrete columns and beams with I Section steel beams and columns. With the rapidly increasing price of cement for making the concrete, this design is certainly more cost-effective. The floor surface can be made of concrete or steel.

International Casino Car Park, Chiromo road roundabout.

A good example of this in Kenya is the Car Pak at the International Casino hotel next to the Chiromo road roundabout near Westlands.

This car park has a concrete surface suspended and supported by steel I beams and columns as shown below.
The car park is very strong-it has supported the weight of cars for very man years and it has not a slight sign of failure.

This means that if used to support a building where the loading is mainly human and furniture e.g. offices and residential buildings, the PEB system will work excellently since if it can support the heavy load of cars, then it can support the light load of humans and furniture.

Earthquake Loading design.

The structural design of the PEB will depend on the Live loads, Earthquake, collateral and wind loads that are specified by the consultant structural engineer in conjunction with the relevant Local Authority Building approval department.

PEB subsystems

The main building structure comprises of 2 subsystems:-[1]a rigid steel frame including columns, rafters, beams and purlins and [2] wall and roof panels.

The roof and walls are made of Sandwich panels. Sandwich panels comprise of an exterior metal skin, a polyurethane interior core and an interior flat skin made of metal. The core thickness is available in 35, 50, 75 and 100mm.The density of the polyurethane is 35-40Kg/m3.

Design Code.

The design code used is in accordance with the Steel Construction Manual published by the American Institute of Steel Construction [AISC].

All welding is done in accordance with the Structural Welding Code-Steel D1.1 of the American Welding Society[AWS].

PEBs are designed using guidelines published by Metal Building Manufacturers Association of U.S.A which is a world-recognized authority on pre-engineered steel buildings and its guidelines are accepted as standard practice in his industry.

The Universally recognized code is the International Building Code published by the International Code Council of U.S.A.

In Kenya, recently, a commission was formed under he Ministry of Hosing to review the country's Building Code which was published in 1963 and is out-dated. This code is based on the British Building code and hence effectively discourages other cost-effective methods of construction such as PEB in Kenya. Once the new Building Code is published, we hope that it will include other innovative building construction methods found all over the world especially now that we have seen a few buildings collapsing around Kenya.

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The Rise of Eco-Friendly Commercial Buildings

Risking money on a building aspect that stays on environment friendly structure standards and efficiency in performance is an intelligent and mature choice. If taken into consideration, it may be concluded that with regard to the worth, environment friendly and energy efficient buildings are actually the best decisions today. Becoming environment friendly, especially in the architecture field is becoming ever more popular as the years go by and it is foreseen to go further to the highest point of the selection in the near future.

Being aware the devastation effected by climate change, warranting that many are joining in reducing the bad effect of mans acts on nature has become a natural need by many governments. In some countries incentives on tax are distributed to individuals who rise to the challenge by utilizing green materials and operating by environment-friendly construction habits. In majority of parts of life today green living is the main subject, in common life, career, and in architecture. For this reason, constructing environment-friendly infrastructures for commercial and residential motives has become an attractive prospect to investors. For buildings which were constructed conventionally, the means to get into the what is in is via hiring lay-out experts who specializes in environment-friendly structures. By doing such an infrastructure or branch may reach its entire environment-friendly efficiency. A structure with an effective environment-friendly area can lower and lessen the probability of being close to poisonous materials, and gives a guarantee that non-renewable energy and materials are preserved.

As regards construction of environment-friendly infrastructures, an environment friendly building agent will see to it that the construction procedure uses resources with the least damaging effect on the environment. The expert must as well do whatever that is needed to warrant that the building is being done while protecting wildlife, plants, air, soil, and local water. When designing an environment-friendly structure, it is vital to take into consideration the lifestyle of the probable inhabitants of the structure. It is good to ensure that the structure provides travel options, such as walking, mass transit, biking and alternative fuels. Creating design features that may make the life non-conformist commuters more effortless is just an appropriate and responsible need.

Aside from using construction resources that are approved to be environmentally friendly, it is also good to put in the same resources in the internal decorations and pieces of furniture. If there are materials which are not biodegradable, such as plastic and rubber, this may be used to make home decorations. The existence of modern creators made it an effortless job, producing numerous items that are created out of recycled materials. Though rubber and plastic may be considered as more effective as they do not wear and tear out, they arent as good to nature as some materials. It is best to utilize them as recycled home items rather than have them tuck together in landfills. It lessens the need to create biodegradable plastic.

While its a common idea that making a building into effectively eco-friendly is very costly, it should be remembered that this is only true many years before. In this day, building of green structures or turning traditional ones green has become least expensive because of the inventions in the construction field. In truth, the cost of constructing a traditional structure is really like the cost of green buildings. The better information there is that after the primary expenses released for the creation of the structure, the efficiency of the structure and the reusing capability will turn the price cheaper, resulting to multiple funds in comparison to traditional structures. Businessmen and companies are very much likely to put in money on these eco-friendly buildings with the knowledge that it will increase their funds more than a traditional structure might.

Considering the long-term expenses on energy and maintenance, utilizing environment-friendly resources and energy effective products will surely raise the profitability of a building. As the trend does not stop to rise to the top of the popularity list, the state rewards will increase as well. It is will be easier to know that the building will presently be spending for itself.

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Concrete Modular Buildings

Concrete modular buildings, also called as pre-cast or pre-fabricated concrete buildings, are the next step to steel modular buildings. Concrete is considered to be a tougher and less elastic material than steel. Also, concrete is less resistant to expansion and contraction due to weather and more adhesive bonding. However, the most important factor in making concrete win over steel in modular building designs is that concrete can be made to look more appealing and can be given many more creative designs than steel.

Companies that manufacture concrete modular buildings design them according to a proper scrutiny of the site and the floor plan of the building. Each module is designed in a factory. The module consists of initially placing a railing, on which a steel grid is placed. In this a concrete foundation is poured, and the railings are removed. The next step consists of erecting the walls, with apertures for doors, windows, ventilation, etc. Lastly, the roof is placed. The unit is finished by giving it a desired coat of paint and other fixtures. Such units are separately made at the factory, which are transported by trucks to the site and assembled there. Single units can be joined together using cement and mortar.

Concrete is a base material for conventional construction. Hence, modular buildings made with concrete appear no different from traditional buildings. For this reason, concrete modular units are popular choices for adding to older buildings.

Today a vast number of school buildings, office buildings, church buildings and even residential buildings are modular concrete buildings. Several architects and engineers are studying specialization courses in modular building technology, so the craft is improving day by day. Contemporary concrete modular buildings are creative in design and much safer than their earlier counterparts.

The biggest pros of concrete modular buildings vis-à-vis traditional concrete constructions are that they can give the same quality and look with less investment of time and money. Another factor is that concrete modular buildings can be dismantled and relocated, unit by unit, to another place. Hence, this type of structure becomes ideal for temporary establishments and moving businesses.

The cons are that, if improperly built, the structure may have cracks which may cause leakage in the long run. This, in turn, would harbor the growth of mold and mildew.

Pre-cast concrete buildings are cheaper than conventional buildings; they can cause a reduction of about 30 to 40 percent in the total building costs. Most companies price them on a per-square-foot basis. Their charges may vary from $75 to $100, depending on their features and textures.

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Mueller Steel Buildings

Mueller steel buildings are used for a wide range of different functions and utilities. some of the most common applications and settings that you'll find these buildings and structures built in are in commercial settings, as well as residential settings for things like car storage and other types of equipment storage in traditional carports.

Not only this, but they are often typically used for small office buildings and industrial parks and other business settings that may not require the use of an entire traditional building but still may require the use of a small insulated and intimate meeting place for business.

Agreed manufacturer of metal buildings such as Mueller Inc. not only make your typical metal structures and buildings but also will custom order and Bill to your particular specifications so that they can meet your individual needs or your businesses individual needs. They offer all types of different models and various metals such as aluminum and steel which are by far the most commonly selected when choosing the type of structure to last for very long time.

Often people consider going with Lloyd for more residential settings, but this is and always the best choice because would also looking very attractive usually is not sufficient when it comes to durability and weather resistance. Another data just going to steel is that Mueller Inc. offers not only traditional steel that galvanized steel carports and metal buildings as well, this type of steel is much more reinforced and typically vastly more weather resistant than the cheaper made steel structures.

There tons of other benefits to going with mueller steel buildings. One of the main benefits that many customers cite as being one of the reasons they decide to go with this particular company for their building and carport needs, is the fact that they can buy these not only completely made ahead of time but also in carport kit and metal building kit packages.

This is particularly handy for the do it yourselfer or homeowner who feels particularly up to the task of assembling a metal structure were building themselves without having to pay the added cost of going with a contractor or professional installer. Whatever direction you decide to go in, you should consider Mueller steel buildings as part of your selection when doing your research on the internet for not only for a carport manufacturer but also for a company stands behind their product too.

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Humana Building of Louisville - One of the 10 Best Buildings of the 1980's

One of the memorable visits we made when in the US in 2006 was to an important landmark in the face of downtown Louisville, the Humana Building, a skyscraper located at 500 West Main Street. This towering 27-story structure is headquarters of the Humana Corporation now one of the leading companies in the US offering affordable and flexible health-care plans to millions.

This large, prosperous corporation in seeking to build a headquarter structure that would stand as an eloquent statement against the prevailing conventional, modernist corporate architecture, sponsored an architectural competition from which to determine the best design. Michael Graves the famous New Jersey architect, emerged as the selected architect from a competitive pool of some of the most famous architects.. Scale models of those designs are shown on display in a vestibule located directly above the Main Street entrance of the building

The Humana Building is the largest and most ambitious work so far of an architect whose career has taken off with astonishing speed. Amongst his works are: the Portland Building in Portland, Oregon., the San Juan Capistrano Library in southern California, the new museum for Emory University in Atlanta and the expansion for the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York.

The construction of the Humana Building which began in October 1982 was completed in May 1985. Occupying an area of 588,400 square feet it has been built to accommodate 1,650 persons at an approximate cost of 60 Million dollars. It is one of Graves' best known projects. For, in addition to receiving The American Institute of Architects National Honor Award in 1987 TIME Magazine listed it as one of the 10 best buildings of the 1980's. It is also widely recognized as one of the most distinctive skyscrapers in America, as well as a textbook example of Post-modernism. It is a richly colored composition made up of abstract, highly personal variations on classical forms, a kind of collage of modernist and classical elements, put together in a way that is like none of its influences but establishing its unique post-modernist identity.

Graves in designing the building wanted it to fit within the context of downtown Louisville, taking cues from the Ohio River, its bridges, and the 19th-century streetscape and skyline of Main Street. It is pleasantly amazing how neatly this building harmonizes with the streetscape and skyline of Louisville. " This is a tower built to sit on a city street, not behind an empty plaza, and it relates easily to its neighbors.".It is indeed a great accomplishment fitting it so well to the other structures which are mostly three- and four-story 19th-century commercial structures, many of cast iron, Louisville's real architectural treasure. "A full block of these old buildings sits along Main Street just west of Humana, and the base of the new tower joins them as neatly and gracefully as any tall building has ever met a group of smaller ones.The small old buildings and the large new one meet comfortably, the new one never in direct imitation of the old, but its shapes, colors and details set in careful accommodation. The mutually supportive relationship these buildings have stands in stunning contrast to the way in which the immense, mute tower of black glass that sits on Main Street on the other side of Humana relates to its neighbors. That cold box, utterly aloof from all that is around it, is an anti-urban legacy of Louisville's last architectural generation. Humana is a response to all that that building stands for, and it cannot but be a civilizing presence in Louisville." Materials used on it are expensive--pink granite for most of the surface, with several other polished granites. .

Each side of the building is designed slightly differently, up to a sloping pyramid style for the upper few floors. Like many post modern skyscrapers, it uses the classically-based tripartite division with a strong sense of a base.--the 8 story loggia extending in front of the office structure, a shaft, and a top.at the same level as the height of the nearby structures. This eight-story base of flat pink granite has an open arcade, of square, deep red granite columns occupying the first several floors. Above the base, but set back considerably from it, rises the main slab of the tower, sheathed in pink granite and punctuated by relatively small, square windows, with a shaft of solid glass running up the center. Rising further up, the square windows give way to a large expanse of glass for several floors. A huge metal truss, projecting out of the building supports a huge, curving loggia, a kind of flying balcony at the top of the building. This large, curved portion towards the top of the building is an open-air observation deck with. the outermost point of the circle providing space for a few people at a time surrounded by glass, to have a spectacular view of the Ohio River and down Main Street. Grave's inspiration for this curved balcony came from a Victorian engraving of a family admiring the Ohio River from an old water tower. Above the loggia, the top of the building slants inward as a kind of gabled crown.This ziggurat--or notched gable-is -topped by a curved roof. The main points of interest in the building include this loggia, the waterfall, the lobby, the Rotunda, the Mezzanine and the 25th floor.

The Loggia has a 50-foot waterfall as an architectural gesture to the Ohio River a reminder of the city of Louisville's origins at the fall of the Ohio more than 200 years ago. The open-air front portion of the loggia contains a large fountain. The loggia's columns are clad in pink and green granite and are decorated with gold-leaf colour.

The entrance is set in a curved wall with waterfall fountains on both sides. This curved six-section water dam or water fall is an architectural gesture to the nearby Ohio River .Giant columns surround the entry area.50 feet down the granite pilasters on opposite sides of the main entrance. Eight vertical fountains in front of the pillars complement the waterfall. The front of the building features an outdoor atrium with a skylight high above the main entrance

The lobby, built of granite of different colors from different parts of the world is like the loggia a public space designed to welcome visitors. First there are white and grey granite from Italy and black marble from France. These are beautifully detailed, richly colored and combined deftly enough to provide visual variety at no cost to overall coherence with a calm, and self-assured hand. The lobby is reached from Main Street through a 450 pound weight bronze entrance door which is itself another valued feature.

The Rotunda, a classical architectural structure, is another point of interest in the building. Also on the first floor, access to it is gained through the lobby or through the Fifth street entrance. The rotunda features the building's directory, an information desk and two striking and original Roman marble statues sculpted approximately 1,970 years ago. The one nearest to the information desk is titled "Roman Statue of the Goddess Fortuna." The second is called "Roman Statue of a Goddess" Marbles flank the vestibule at the Main Street entrance leading to the other point of interest in the building, the Mezzanine to the south of which you will discover a seated statue which is claimed to be an 1,800 year old marble from the Roman Empire.

The 25th floor features the sun room in the façade of the building. Each floor has its own glass-enclosed, curved-fronted sun-room facing south serving as an employees' lounge. The large pyramid-like shaped ending of the terrace represent the dam at the Fall of the Ohio. This could be easily accessed from the reception hall. The terrace on the façade is supported by a steel gridwork truss as an architectural symbol of the many metal truss bridges spanning the Ohio.just beside the building's site. The bruised steel sculpture in the reception hall is entitled "Constructed Head 2" and is said to have been done by a Russian-born artist Naum Gabo in 1918

The building also has much deft use of space. The superb public space at the base and the great, columned arcade are most exciting. Its square columns are articulated in gold-leaf fluting, and the space has a gentle curve to it to accommodate a waterfall and fountain on either side of the main entrance There are well measured sequences between all the spaces. The front door leads to a small vestibule, which in turn opens to a large, roughly square lobby; that leads on to a rotunda, and only after the rotunda come the elevator lobbies. But the sequence is clear, and the movement direct and simple. And the large, three-story-tall lobby, surrounded by a second-floor arcade of its own, provides welcome breathing space and freedom.

On the whole as Paul Goldberger appreciates it in The New York Times:

It is a compelling form - exerting a powerful visual attraction. Humana is a warm and inviting building. It is both serious and visually alive. It is neither a deadly bore nor frivolous. It is neither boring nor silly -it is at once a building of great dignity and a building of great energy and passion.

Not far from this building are other structures owned and occupied by Humana: the Waterside Building at 1st and Main, and the Riverview Square at 2nd and Main Streets. Humana which leases space in three downtown buildings-National City in the 400 block of Main Street, the 515 Building on Market Street, and the ISB Building on Magazine Street has plans to lease more space in the Waterfront Plaza East Tower in the 300 block of Main Street.

Humana recently undertook the historic preservation of a city block of several 19th Century buildings located besides this headquarter building. It is working with preservation experts to ensure that the historic integrity of the block is maintained. With more than 8,500 employees in downtown Louisville Humana justifiably so aggressively pursues its dream of not only altering the face of downtown Louisville but also to reattract habitation and provide accomodation for its growing staff nearby. It has remained committed to and involved in improving the quality of life in various cities, just as they're committed to improving the health of their plan members. Excited about bringing all of their Jacksonville employees together in a premier downtown location, giving them great potential for continued growth,Humana purchased the largely vacant Jacksonville Center in April 1998 for $32 million with plans to renovate and relocate its then-1,200 employees scattered throughout the city in seven buildings. The employees comprise one of Humana's four major regional service centers, handling claims processing and customer service functions for the company's southeastern-U.S. members, as well as the company's Jacksonville health plan administrative and sales staffs.So in effect the Humana building is just the hurb around which spins the multifarous interests and involvements of Humana in health care, insurance, art collection, performing arts, charity, the creation of a vast expanse of parks and the endowment of sterling efforts amongst Americans especially.

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A guided tour of the Humana building in June 2006

AN APPRAISAL;THE HUMANA BUILDING in LOUISVILLE: COMPELLING WORK by MICHAEL GRAVES By Paul Goldberger, Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES

www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/kentucky/louisville/humana/humana.html

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The Most Popular Buildings, Bridges, Structures Around The World

There are hundreds of thousands of buildings, bridges, and structures that have been built in numerous locations around the world. Each one serves a specific purpose, whether allowing people to travel from one place to another or providing a place for individuals to live, work, or play. Out of all of the building, bridges, and structures in the world, only a few have the distinction of being the most popular ones in the world.

There are many reasons why a building, bridge, or structure may be designated as one of the most popular of their kind. One common reason may be that the appearance of the item attracts a large number of individuals to view it. Whether the item is considered beautiful or just unique, many individuals will flock to view it and take pictures to document that they were there. The appearance of the item may also cause it to be documented in a variety of different mediums, including movies, books, and postcards.

One of the most popular buildings in the world is the Empire State building, located in New York City, New York in the United States of America. This building is the largest building in a city full of large buildings and has helped define the New York City skyline since 1931. Considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World, the Empire State Building is nearly 1,500 feet high and has 102 floors. The observation deck, located on the 86th floor of the building, has been visited by more than 110 million individuals.

Another one of the most popular buildings in the world is the Notre Dame de Paris, located in Paris, France. This cathedral has been immortalized in numerous films, plays, and literature and is considered the most familiar cathedral in the world. The features of the cathedral make this building a classic example of French Gothic architecture and the building took nearly 200 years to complete, beginning in 1160 and finished in 1345. It is estimated that more than 12 million individuals visit the Notre Dame de Paris each year.

One of the popular bridges in the world is the Millau Viaduct, located in southern France. The bridge is considered the highest vehicular bridge in the world, spanning the valley of the River Tarn at a maximum height of 1,125 feet at its highest point. Dedicated in 2004, the construction of the bridge has broken three world records; highest road bridge deck in the world, highest mast in the world, and highest pylons in the world. The bridge also has the designation of having the longest cable-stayed deck in the world.

One of the most popular structures in the world is the Great Wall of China, considered the world's longest man building structure [http://www.futuresteel.com/commercial.html] made structure and is also the largest man-made structure when considering mass and surface area. In fact, the Great Wall of China is the only man-made structure that is visible from space. The Great Wall stretches over 4,000 miles, stretching from the city of Shanhaiguan in the eastern portion of the country to the city of Lop Nur in the western portion of the country. Because the construction of the Great Wall began before bricks became widely used, the entire length of the Great Wall was constructed of wood, stones, and earth.

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