The purpose of constructing a raised bed garden can be varied; adding visual interest to the landscaping, reducing the amount of bending and stooping required as you tend to your garden, and providing an optimal growing environment where soil conditions are less than ideal.
To begin your raised bed garden, the first step is to decide the dimensions you would prefer. Probably the most widely used depth dimension used is four feet (48"). A bed this deep is accessible from both sides without an inconvenient spot in the middle. Also, if you are using lumber in the construction, it is widely available in 4 foot lengths which will reduce the amount of cutting and waste.
Tip: If your bed is not going to be accessible from both sides, you should limit the depth to no more than three feet (36") to be sure you can get to all parts of the bed.
The length of your new bed is not critical except as to how it fits visually into the overall landscape and the cost of construction materials. That said, beds should not be too long. Feet and garden equipment should be kept out of the bed as much as possible to avoid compacting the soil.
As an example, if your plan calls for a bed forty feet long, it is a good idea to construct two beds 19 feet long with a two foot pathway in between. This arrangement will also save you a great many steps as you tend your raised bed garden.
How high you raise the bed will depend mostly on you. Factors to keep in mind are that most plants require a minimum rooting zone of between 6 and 12 inches and deeper is better. Also, the higher you build your retaining structure, the more attention must be paid to foundations, bracing, and supports which increase both the cost and the complexity of the project.
Dimensional lumber such as 2X8s can easily be held in place using rot resistant stakes on the inside of the structure and attached with screws.
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